Method of permanent waving



Patented Sept. 19, 1939 METHOD OF PERMANENT WAVING Myles Wade Fletcher, Atlanta, Ga, assignor to Utility Sales Corporation, Atlanta, Ga., a corporation of Georgia No Drawing. Application August 27, 1936, Serial No. 98,200

2 Claims.

This invention relates to a composition of chemicals that when moistened will generate sufilcient heat to impart upon a prepared tress, a socalled permanent wave. A heating time of irom 5 three to five minutes at a temperature oi between 98 and 120 centigrade maximum is necessary to impart the proper wave to the prepared tress and this invention is a means of obtaining this condition through the use oi a chemically heating compound.

I have found that a mixture of copper oxide (either cupric or cuprous) potassium chlorate or perchlorate aluminum metal and ammonium chloride when moistened will generate suiilcient heat to impart the proper wave to a prepared tress. These chemicals may be compounded in various proportions and obtain relatively the same degree heat for the same length of time, but can also be compounded to obtain different degrees of heat fordiflerent lengths of time. This lat ter feature is of much importance in the hair waving art, as diil'erent textures and conditions oi hair require diflerent degrees oi heat and diiierent Aluminum grindings, turnings, borings, etc.,

so may be obtained at a very low cost as scrap metal. Iron filings may be used as a substitute -ior part of the aluminum, but Ifind the heat more dimcult to intensify and other disadvantages such as discoloration irom the resulting oxidation. In the 86 as titanium oxide, nickel oxide, or cobalt oxide, must be'employed in the mixture in order to Get a sufiiciently high degree of heat. Compounds may be substituted for the chlorate or perchlorate having available oxygen, such as sodium peroxide or sodium perborate.

A typical mixture for waving normal medium texture hair consists oi three parts potassium chlorate, one part copper oxide, one part aluminum grindings (30 mesh and finer) and onetenth part ammonium chloride. With this mixture maximum heat oi approximately 110 centigrade is obtained and when moistened by a strip oi cotton flannel in contact willremain above 90' centisrsde for 8 minutes.

Various designs oi receptacles are possible to holdthismixtureandalldwittobemoistened,

use oi iron a catalytic agent for oxidation, such such as a. fiat bag of flannel or an envelope with impervious back and absorbent front. The ammonium chloride may be added to the mixture by moistening with a solution of same. It is desirable to employ this method as a guard against 5 decomposition by atmospheric moisture. A very satisfactory method is to add the ammonium chloride to the waving lotion with which it is necessary to moisten the tress in order to obtain a so-called permanent wave. The merit 01 this 10 method is that the pad containing the chemical mixture can be moistened with the same lot to begin the heating reaction. A lotion consisting of approximately eight percent sodium sulphite, ten percent ammonium chloride and five onehundreds of one percent amyl acetate give very desirable results.

Ammonium ,chloride is the only salt I have found that will go into solution satisfactorily and also start the reaction between aluminum, potassium chlorate and copper oxide that will produce sufficient heat to impart the proper permanent wave to a prepared tress. Ammonium chloride plays the dual roll oi being a necessary ingredient to the action of the lotion on the hair and that of starting the chemical reaction.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A method of waving hair by heat comprising applying thereto ,a dry composition comprising an alkali chlorate in a major amount and a mixture of powdered metal of the fineness oi about 80 mesh and powdered metal oxide in substantially equivalent amounts and in total amount less than the oxidizing agent, said composition being capabie of producing heat upon moistening with a solution of ammonium chloride, and then moistening the composition with said solution.

2. A method of waving hair by heat comprising applying thereto a dry composition-comprising 4o alkali chlorate in major amount and a mixture of powdered metal and powdered metal oxide in substantially equivalent amounts and in total amount less than the oxidizing agent, said composition being capable oi producing heat upon molstening with a solution oi ammonium chloride including 10 per cent. ammonium chloride, .8 per cent. sodium sulphite, 0.05 per cent. amyl acetate, balance water, and then moistening the composition with said solution. m

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